Active and Passive Voice

Active and Passive Voice

TO BE : be ;

am.is, are - present

was, were - past

has been, have been - present perfet

had been - past perfect

MODALS : must, can, shall, should, will, would, etc

do, does, did

Now we are still talking about them especially when we are talking about Passive Voice. In Bahasa Indonesia there are :

1. Saya memanggil = I am calling--- > Active
2. Saya dipanggil = I am called -- > Passive

Where is the difference?

It is in the VERB

- VERB + ing in no 1 is Active

- Verb III or Past Participle is Passive

How to make a Passive from Active ?

1. Subject in Active becomes Object in Passive

Object in Active becomes Subject in Passive

2. To be + Verb III

3. Tenses ( Time) is like in Active

E.g :

Active : I write a letter = Saya menulis sepucuk surat

Passive : A letter is written by me = Sepucuk surat ditulis oleh saya.

Past

Active : He hated me = Ia membenci saya

Passive : I was hated by him = Saya dibenci olehnya

Remember again :

1. To be and the subject.

I am - He is. - She is – They are – the police are – the lady is – etc.

The changing of Subject to Object

I -> me, you -> you, he -> him, she ->her, we-> us, they -> them, it -> it.

The changing of irregular verbs and regular verbs.

Murder –murdered – murdered, spend –spent – spent, etc

Verb I and Verb II -> Verb III (past participle)

Verb I → Verb III -> To hate > hated, to eat -> eaten

Verb II →Verb III -> Knew > known , wrote →written

2. The changing of singular and plural of personal pronouns.

Otherwise you will have difficulties in the placement of to be (am,is,are,etc)

e.g. : he is typing a letter ----- → A letter is typed by him

The police arrested the thief → The thief was arrested by the police

Active to passive voice

Simple Present

Rumus : Noun + is/am/are + verb III

Active : I write a letter

Passive : A letter is written by me

Present Continuous

Rumus : Noun + is/am/are + being + verb III

Active : He is buying a car

Passive : A car is being bought by him

Simple past

Rumus : Noun + was/were + verb III

Active : The judge sentenced the convicted 5 years imprisonment

Passive : The convicted was sentenced 5 years imprisonment by the judge

Past Continuous

Rumus : Noun + was/were + being + verb III

Active : The officer was investigating the case

Passive : The case was being investigated by the officer

Simple Future

Rumus : Noun + shall/will + be + verb III

Active : The judges will issue a verdict against the accused.

Passive : A verdict against the accused will be issued by the judges

Past Future

Rumus : Noun + should/would + be + verb III

Active : The investigator would hand in the file

Passive : The file would be handed in by the investigator

Simple Perfect

Rumus : Noun + has/have + been + verb III

Active : They have committed another crime

Passive : Another crime has been committed by them

Past Perfect

Rumus : Noun + had + been + verb III

Active : We had found your watch

Passive : Your watch had been found by us

Simple Future Perfect

Rumus : Noun + shall/will +have +been + verb III

Active : The witness shall have shown the evidence

Passive : The evidence will have been shown by the witness

Past Future Perfect

Rumus : Noun + should/would +have + been + verb III

Active : The major should have been invited the president

Passive : The president should have been invited by the major

Modals :

Rumus : Noun + must/shall/will/have to/has to + be +verb III

Active : Sugiarto must report his attendance to the police once a week

Passive : His attendance must be reported by to the police once a week

Practice :

1. The police have detained 5 captains of 20 foreign ships

2. Easy access to illegal firearms is worsening the conflict

3. The international community had recognized the serious implications of illegal firearms

4. Indonesian Marine Police is arresting foreign illegal loggers in Bangka Strait

5. The Australian Federal Police has attended the Conference of ASEAN Chiefs of Police in 2004

6. The two boys had broken the car’s windshield.

7. The witnesses’ testimony will certainly influence the future of these young boys.

8. The custom officer collects taxes from goods.

9. The lady who sat next to the driver saw the accident in Jalan Sudirman

10. The activities of Money Laundering can produce large amount of cash.

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